Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Go Sound the Trumpet Synopsis Free Essays
Rodney Carey African American History Dr. Reginald Ellis Go Sound the Trumpet: Synopsis In the book Go Sound the Trumpet by Canter Brown Jr. , he talks about the documentation of different African Communities in Florida and the communities of the freed slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Go Sound the Trumpet Synopsis or any similar topic only for you Order Now He tells us what happened to slaves after they were freed and where they went. Some of these communities he described as unidentified and he talked about one in particular that escaped identification. Information about the community known as Angola had come up and suggested they were in The Bahamas. A few months after this information came up; John M. Goggin released additional information and offered new insight on the community. The Bahamian Department of Archives published additional documentary evidence in 1980 regarding Seminole Settlements at Red Bays, Andros. It took another decade before the link between the Bahamian exiles and the old Florida homes of the slaves was established. Another author offered details where neighboring Cuban fishermen identified a community with the name Angola, which had existed as a focus for diplomatic and economic activities within the broader Atlantic world. He argued that its presence additionally had created impacts that influenced the course of United States history and, to a lesser extent, the British and Spanish Empires. Some basic facts of the story are shortly after English planters, primarily from Barbados, found what is now known as South Carolina in 1670; Spanish colonial officials decided to weaken, if not destroy, the Carolinian initiative. They did this by attempting to undermine an economy that based itself on slave labor while also commanding efforts to grant greater protection for St. Augustine against English incursions. Authorities addressed the latter goal in part by construction of the massive stone fortress still known as the Castillo de San Marcos and, in 1683; they initiated a black military service tradition through authorization of the colonyââ¬â¢s first free black and mulatto militia companies. In 1683 the government granted freedom to runaway slaves from Carolina, regardless of race, as long as the runaways agreed to convert to Roman Catholicism. This was a crucial step toward the goal of undermining Carolinian slavery. The book also talks about another initiative that involved the authorization of a free black town located north of St. Augustine; this was caused by the founding of Georgia in the early 1730ââ¬â¢s. The Patriot War of 1812-1814 involved Georgians teaming with several individuals who had arrived in East Florida from the United States since the Revolutionary War in their attempt to overthrow Spanish rule in the colony; they were unsuccessful. In September 1812, Seminoles and their black vassals, allied with Spain to turn back a Patriot advance. After this, English plans moved toward the introduction of chattel slavery into the colony. This resulted in the dispersal of the majority of its few remaining free black inhabitants to small settlements in the remote peninsula, with many maroons associating with Seminole Indians, who were also recent arrivals from Georgia. In 1784, Spain returned to power which brought reinstatement of the asylum policy, and a rise in Floridaââ¬â¢s maroon population. Fort Mose however, remained an abandoned ruin, and for the time being, no equivalent community rose within the colony. After the Patriot War, black refugees hurried themselves into the Manatee River because the site of their black settlement there was located on a point of land at the Braden-Manatee River. At the Manatee, the refugees took advantage of opportunities for trading deer skins, plumes, and agricultural crops for desired goods. There were also relatively easy channels of communication to Spanish officials at Havana and elsewhere at this spot. Records left by two of the Cuban fishermen preserved the name of the black community, Angola. Although these blacks got to the Manatee River in 1812, the book suggests that they may have lived there for years before this; at least on a seasonal basis. There was a letter found from an English merchant that supports the possibility that the maroons had centered their activities in the area of the Manatee River as early as 1772. It described the keys to the south of Tampa Bay as the ââ¬Å"haunt of the picaroons of all nations. As Angola inhabitants built their community, word of their existence spread not just within the Spanish Empire but also to the British. Two officers, Edward Nicolls and George Woodbine, recruited men there for British operations along the Gulf coast during the War of 1812. Following the Battle of New Orleans in January of 1815, Nicolls and Woodbine managed to enlist about 400 black warriors in Florida and returned most of their men to the Apalachicola River area. Upstream at Prospect Bluff, they had facilitated construction of a fortified outpost, known as the Negro Fort. The two officers had also created Floridaââ¬â¢s second free-black refuge of the period while likely enhanced Angolaââ¬â¢s population. Surviving papers of the merchant concern John Forbes Company hinted at Woodbineââ¬â¢s possible return to that vicinity in 1815 with eighty ââ¬Å"slaves. â⬠There was a raid in 1821 that destroyed the Angola community. Brown talks about records available today that contain subtle references that suggest that the memories of the 1821 raid remained vivid in survivorsââ¬â¢ minds just as the recollections of the Battle of the Suwannee did. There was an interview by Jan Carew; with one of the descendants on Andros in 1972 about memories of the battle where she said ââ¬Å"I heard ââ¬Ëbout the battle of Swannee against General Jackson, my grandmother tell me ââ¬Ëbout it and her grandmother tell her ââ¬Ëbout it long before,â⬠. She continued to say ââ¬Å"Stories like that does come down to us with voices in the wind, she tell me how the Old Ones used to talk ââ¬Ëbout the look on them white soldiers faces when they see Black fighters looking like they grow outta the swamp grass and the hammocks, coming at them with gun and cutlass. Jackson get hurt at the Swannee man. The ancestors brutalized him there. â⬠She concluded by saying that ââ¬Å"My old face beat against eighty-odd years. . . . But when Jesus of Nazareth decide to send Mantop to carry me to the Great Beyond, wherever my blood-seed scatter, they will spread the word ââ¬Ëbout how Black and Seminole ancestors fight side by side at Swannee. â⬠In 1835 there was a battle between the maroon and their allies known as the Creeks; and the Angolans. The well-equipped Angolans made their stand and this lead up to the Second Seminole Warââ¬â¢s outbreak spreading from the Peace Riverââ¬â¢s headwaters west to Tampa Bay and north to the border of a white settlement. The Creeks were led by Peter McQueenââ¬â¢s nephew Osceol, while Minattiââ¬â¢s war chief Harry carried on the military heritage for generations earlier by Francisco Menendez and others. When battle started in December, it quickly became apparent that it was far more than an Indian war because of the amount of blacks participating. As General Thomas S. Jesup declared in 1836, ââ¬Å"This . . . is a negro war, not an Indian war. â⬠The general added, ââ¬Å"Throughout my operations I found the negroes the most active and determined warriors, and during the conferences with the Indian chiefs I ascertained that they exercised an almost controlling influence over them. â⬠When Andrew Jackson left the presidency in March 1837, the maroons remained in Florida and at war. At one point historians questioned how the Seminoles obtained enough weapons and supplies to launch a resistance campaign in the mid-1830s. It was actually the free blacks and Red Stick Creeks; not the Seminoles, who utilized connections of past days to obtain the necessary equipment for war. There was also a question of how they could do so when their peninsular reservation kept them from the coast? The answer to this question is answered by the fact that many of the same Cuban fishermen who had lived near the Angolans worked at Charlotte Harbor in the early 1830s. In 1835, these old business associates of the Angolans even managed to have the areaââ¬â¢s United States customs inspector suspended, leaving the door wide open for whatever transfers were needed. As Second Seminole War expert John K. Mahon noted, ââ¬Å"Every warrior seemed to have a rifle, and a superior one at that. â⬠Brown also noted that future researchers may well discover the origins of those firearms in British or Spanish armories, dispatched to Florida by high-ranking officials in recognition of past valor, imperial promises, and pressures applied by Edward Nicolls, George Woodbine, or their friends. How to cite Go Sound the Trumpet Synopsis, Essay examples
The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde free essay sample
An analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde , a novel written by Robert Louis Stevenson. A paper which analyzes the characters and themes of British author Robert Louis Stevensons great novel, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written in 1885. The essay discusses several main themes such as the duality between good and evil and the theme of hypocrisy. Dr. Jekyll, is emotionally detached from a society that expects him to fulfill various obligations, and he accordingly responds with physical detachment. According to an eyewitness, Hyde trampled calmly over the childs body and left her screaming on the groundHe was perfectly cool and made no resistance, but gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running. Hyde is a deformed character who evokes horror and disgust in those who contact him. He lashes out in this seemingly chance encounter, but his trampling a childs body, a figure of innocence that would find his scarred visage doubly repugnant, is indicative of his deep-rooted discontentment with his environment and his own psyche. We will write a custom essay sample on The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The reaction he provokes from the crowd confirms his masochistic tendencies.
Sunday, May 3, 2020
Classroom Observation free essay sample
She starts her day with organizing her lessons that she will be using for the day, she incorporated reading spelling and language arts in to one continues lesson that flows smoothly with each other. The entire lesson revolves around a theme of a story. She uses the same story along with decoder books and library books the whole week that is put into a unit with individual lesson each day. I observed Mrs. Connor using to different method theories in her classroom. She used behaviorism and Constructivism theories. When she taught a reading are spelling lesson the children were very active learners and participated in the interactive lesson for example spelling bees for spelling, partner reading, and read aloud. The Mrs. Connor and her students discuss how the stories relate the real life experiences and discussion on what it would be like to be part of the story. This is what Jean Piagetââ¬â¢s constructivism student centered theory is all about in the students respond to this style of teaching. ââ¬ËSpecialsââ¬â¢ consist of classes like art, gym, music, etc. She would then take them to lunch at 10:30. When they returned to the classroom, they headed straight into ââ¬ËA. R. Timeââ¬â¢ where they would read a book on a certain level and then answer questions about that book on the computer. The questionnaire was for the teacher to know the students understood what they read. Each grade level is in a different colored hallway because their rotations are at different times in the day. The hallway that held her classroom was more toward the center of the school. The hallway to her left was the ââ¬ËBlueââ¬â¢ hallway for second grade and the hallway to her right was ââ¬ËRedââ¬â¢ for fourth grade. In the middle of all the hallways and the main focus of the school was the library. I liked this set up a lot because it showed how important books and reading was. This is where the school was able to show its diversity because there were posters on the walls with different ethnic children promoting sharing and equality. On the backside of the bookcases, there were anti-bullying posters and posters that encouraged speaking out and asking for help. This showed that the school helped students who were being bullied and who had problems at home. After all that was through, they started Language Arts. They took several quizzes where she would have the students put up privacy folders. Because I only witnessed test taking, I didnââ¬â¢t get to truly appreciate Mrs. Cashââ¬â¢s teaching method but I did get to see how she treated each student individually. She walked around the classroom and gave them pointers on how to hold their pencil and gave each child the time they needed to finish. She made the entire class look at her as she read spelling words aloud and then had them give her thumbs up when they finished writing them. The remarkable thing about Mrs. Cash is that she has a lot of patience and gives everyone the time they deserve. By doing this, it showed that she took the time to give everyone the time and materials they needed, regardless of racial background, to finish their work. She worked with everyoneââ¬â¢s learning ability to help them succeed. When this subject was over, she took them outside to recess. I did not like this part of the day because it felt as though the dayââ¬â¢s schedule was run by Mrs. Cash herself. She took them to recess when she thought it was necessary and then brought them back inside, after what felt like 10 minutes, because she was too hot. The schedule they had did not seem as though it was the schoolââ¬â¢s plan, but the teacherââ¬â¢s and that each teacher had their own. There were a few children who lost their privilege due to misbehaving and had to sit out while they finished late work. I thought this was a good method to use to teach students to turn in work on time. The academic lessons I watched with Mrs. Cash were focused on reading, writing, and spelling. The criteria seemed very enjoyable and quite natural to teach. The students are quite comfortable and challenged in a healthy way. When they completed a worksheet together, most of the class excelled in getting the right answers and Cash fed off of everyoneââ¬â¢s contribution. She never pushed down an answer, even if it was wrong, and made everyone feel like their contributions were appreciated. I admire this because it is very difficult to achieve comfort of that level in a classroom for only a few short weeks. Being faced with adversity in the classroom is an everyday, perhaps every hour occurrence. Mrs. Cash engages her studentsââ¬â¢ adverse behavioral problems with ease. She agrees that ââ¬Å"You must choose your battlesâ⬠, and that, ââ¬Å"Not every action deserves a reaction. â⬠This concept, although not novel, is quite challenging for most. Luckily, she has had a lot of practice. I did notice, though, that she had the students who were grasping the material easier farther away from her desk than she had the ones who were struggling. I feel as though some of the students knew she did this and therefore did not want to try as hard. When facing diversity herself, though, Mrs. Cash did not treat everyone fairly. There was one boy in particular who she constantly picked on. He was of Latin descent and, Iââ¬â¢m sure, spoke a form of Spanish, but he understood and could speak English. I understand that in most cases of diversity the language barrier is the biggest struggle, but there is more than one way to accommodate a student who does not understand English. I am not sure if he was just having a bad day, but he was being difficult with fulfilling requests. Cash would say things such as, ââ¬Å"I know you understand English . . . â⬠or ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re not moving fast enough handing out those papersâ⬠as she would snatch them from his hands and turn away as though he were wasting her time. In these circumstances, I understand that she may have been flustered because it was a Friday, but I would have used different words and definitely a different tone of voice or even had an interpreter if I was struggling to communicate with him. The materials used within the classroom were varying. Mrs. Cash labeled everything to keep the classroom neat and organized. This also stimulated the studentsââ¬â¢ mind because they were subconsciously reading the labels and constantly learning where the materials went. They had purple folders during ââ¬ËA. R. Timeââ¬â¢ that held their books and quiz scores in one place. They had cubbies that were assigned by seat number and all their school supplies stayed in there during the day. The subject text books were in bins lined up at the front of the class where a ââ¬ËTeam Leaderââ¬â¢ would retrieve them when needed. Mrs. Cashââ¬â¢s tidiness lends greatly to the success of her students. Her classroom is absolutely wonderful. She had an assortment of posters and class work tacked on the walls and a variety of knick-knacks all throughout. She had nicely scented soap that she bought for the class in an amusing pump on the sink, she had silly window stickers on the windows and she had a collection of funny pens and pencils on each table. The tables were set up in four groups of four individual desks and there were assigned ââ¬ËTeam Leadersââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Å"Material Monitorsââ¬â¢. Her classroom decoration was fluid and made it a better learning environment because the students were facing each other, and not toward the teacher. This gave them opportunities to work together and to improve their social skills. What I did not like about the classroom was that it was openly joined with the one next to them. It was hard for some students to test because the class next door was being taught a lesson and therefore making a lot of noise. When Mrs. Cash asked the teacher to quiet her classroom down, she apologized but made no changes. This irritated me because it wasnââ¬â¢t fair to the students. I assume the classrooms were designed this way to save water, because of fewer bathrooms, but it is not a very constructive learning environment. A wife, mother and distinguished grade school teacher, Mrs. Cash has been an ideal observation candidate. Her approach to education is a successful one. Taken away is an informed standpoint about teaching young students in general that assists greatly to the morale of a perspective teaching professional.
Wednesday, March 25, 2020
Example of a successful blogger outreach campaign
EXAMPLE OF A SUCCESSFUL BLOGGER OUTREACH CAMPAIGN A couple of months ago, I received an email from a writer looking to promote her client. It started something like this: Hope youre keeping well. Im just getting in touch to ask if youre open to accepting content from freelance writers at The Writers For Hire if so, Id love to put together a high-quality article written specifically for the site. Im sharing this here, because I responded, and in turn received the blog post entitled, Secrets for a Successful Blog Outreach Campaign. Her efforts to reach out to me benefited us both: We got free content, and she got a link back to her client. For all those seeking to run a successful blogger outreach campaign, our exchange provides a good example for aspiring Internet networkers everywhere. Id like to thank Isabella Woods at wiki-bee.com for reaching out to me and for the great blog post.
Friday, March 6, 2020
Marriott and Hyatt
Marriott and Hyatt Marriott and Hyatt are leading brands in the world hospitality market. Hyatt Corporation operates in more than 45 countries, having over 370 locations, whereas Marriott operates in 68 countries having over 3150 properties.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marriott and Hyatt specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hyatt employs about 100 000 people, and Marriott has about 150 000 employees. Apparently, Marriot has a larger network, but it is necessary to add that this corporation is to great extent aimed at the US market. Conversely, Hyatt can be regarded as international brand. These two corporations also have different focuses. Hyatt is mainly aimed at premium market, whereas Marriot also offers various low-price options. Thus, Hyatt specializes in high end sectors and resorts, business plans, and family centers. At the same time Marriott offers more varied services, focusing on such business segments in the hotel chain as : full service and lodging, select service and lodging, extended stay and lodging, timeshare, and even synthetic fuel. It is necessary to add that in contrast to Hyatt, Marriot has acquired other hotel brands (e.g. Ritz Carlton Hotel Corporation) diversifying its business. These two hospitality giants not only maintain constant high quality if their services but follow ethical standards and reveal social responsibility. Thus, Hyatt is preoccupied with environmental issues. The company launches various trainings for the employees to increase their awareness of what can be and should be done to solve environmental issues. Hyatt also has HyattEarth website where they monitor energy use reductions, reductions of Greenhouse Gas emissions, water use and landfill waste reductions. At the same time, Marriott is more concerned with contributing to the development of social responsibility among people. Thus, Marriott is very deliberate while choosing their partners paying much attention to th e quality of products they provide and their being socially responsible. For instance, Marriott demands very high quality of products and the use of environmentally friendly raw materials; they also check whether all human rights are followed in the hotels of the corporations or in companies-partners.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important to point out that such social responsibility of the companies contributes to their respectful names. However, it should be mentioned that while Marriott has a really strong image of one-off hospitality corporation maintaining high quality standards, Hyatt had several scandals which damaged the companyââ¬â¢s reputation. Thus, Hyatt has been often accused of employee mistreatment, workforce reduction and housecleaning personnel outsourcing. SWOT analysis Marriott Hyatt Strengths Wide range of brands Strategic l ocations Brand image Website and social networking in Conducting its business Successful strategies to attract and Retain a pool of staff Premium offering Brand image Hyatt casino Weaknesses Focus on the United States market instead of global markets; Over-reliance on luxury products; Mostly targeted by terrorists and extremists High-level exposure to the premium market Diluted brand name Financial pressures Opportunities Emerging Asian Travel and Tourism markets Come up with low-end brands Distinction amongst hotel services offered; Decreased cost of real estate in the United States Eco-tourism Specialist businesses Hyatt business services Road trips Threats Timeshare is decreasing on popularity Economic meltdown, which lowered consumerââ¬â¢s spending power Threat from terrorists and extremists Tight United States borders Low cost travel/leisure Market heavily influenced by competitors Strengths Hyatt has a strong image and it is focused on premium segments, and benefits from its additional option: casino. However, Marriott has more strong points: it has more diversified business, it possesses strategic locations and benefits from using technology to provide more services. Moreover, Marriot, in contrast to Hyatt, has very positive and unblemished reputation. Weaknesses Hyattââ¬â¢s major downsides are its focus on premier segment where demand is declining due to world financial crises and diluted brand name. Conversely, Marriott which has quite diversified business suggests different options in all segments but it is mainly focused on the market within the United States without developing new opportunities on new markets (e.g. very promising Asian market). One of Marriottââ¬â¢s weaknesses is its frequent exposure to terrorist attacks. Opportunities Nevertheless, the both companies have many opportunities to develop. Thus, Hyatt can develop its specialist business segment, offering more services in holiday and lei sure industries. Moreover, the company can benefit from its road trips services due to the rise of air travel costs. At the same time Marriott should pay more attention to developing new markets, especially in Asia. The company should also consider providing more low-end brands which is quite possible due to the decreased costs in the US real estate.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marriott and Hyatt specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Threats However, the companies should also take into account possible threats. Thus, Hyatt can face difficulties due to the increased offer of travel services where demand is becoming lower than offer. Hyatt can also lose its position in the segment of gambling since many new companies emerge. As far as Marriott is concerned it is necessary to point out the following threats: financial crisis consumers lowered consumersââ¬â¢ spending power. Besides, Marriott can lose its leading posi tion if it stays within the boundaries of the US. In summary, Marriot and Hyatt are two giants of hospitality market. However, it is necessary to point out that Marriot has larger services chain and strong reputation whereas Hyatt is not presented in so many countries and has had many scandals concerning employee mistreatment. Apart from this Hyatt is potentially more vulnerable to financial hardships since it is aimed at premier segment whereas Marriot should pay much attention to implementing innovations.
Wednesday, February 19, 2020
New Virtual Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
New Virtual Society - Essay Example in Brown 30). In this respect, for example, while terminating relationships or turning down a candidate for open job position, a lot of individuals prefer to substitute face-to-face conversations for virtual methods of communication in order to avoid any embarrassment and try to prevent oneself from any negative emotions. 2. Cyberspace helps to widen communication and diversify personââ¬â¢s social ties, which, despite all advantages of virtual life, can stay quite unstable and weak. For instance, Brown states that ââ¬Å"someone with more than 3,000 Facebook friends probably has more than 2,000 shallow friendshipsâ⬠(31). Even though, being a former classmate, coworker or merely an acquaintance from exhibition, each so-called ââ¬Å"friendâ⬠from such a long list may have different relation to the owner of profile, not many social networks admit this disparity and provide relevant additional options for their users. ââ¬Å"In the new Virtual Society, we will see an increasing transition from basic matchmaking sites to sites that enable people to actually go out on online ââ¬Å"datesâ⬠without ever leaving their desks. While face-to-face dating will never entirely disappear, the process - and even relationships themselves - will happen more and more in virtual spaceâ⬠(Brown 30) According to the latest forecasts, in the future, dating sites will be more advanced implementing technological option that ensures virtuality of face-to-face dates. Hence, users will not be forced to leave their houses in case they wish to meet someone. Therefore, along with existence of traditional dating, virtual relationships and meetings will be widely popularized (Brown 30). ââ¬Å"More and more people regard the virtual world as a place where they can establish and maintain safer, less demanding relationships on their own time. Ease, flexibility, and relative anonymity will continue to be three key components on
Tuesday, February 4, 2020
Transportation Safety Administration Research Paper
Transportation Safety Administration - Research Paper Example Keywords: 4th Amendment, AIT Scanner, Pat downs. Transportation Safety Administration Screening at U. S. Airports The Bill of Rights and the 4th Amendment 2001 and Now Introduction: September 11, 2001 will never be forgotten by anyone who is an American citizen. It became a day that the ââ¬Å"light came onâ⬠for many people who had before taken security for granted. To the major portion of Americans, terrorism was something that happened in other countries, never their own. A total of 19 terrorists were able to evade security checkpoints and personnel and board four commercial airline planes. The results of that day were a ââ¬Å"wake up callâ⬠for security in America but particularly for airline security. (Taylor; Steedman, 2003). After 9/11 security professionals have been seen as a major defense to managing the terrorism threat. The security industry has seen a boom after September 11, 2001. The airline industry has been the fastest to upgrade their security measures, s ince the hijackings occurred on commercial airlines. Immediately following the attacks, President Bush poured $20 billion dollars into intelligence and security. The airlines had to enact new security measures so that people would feel safe flying. Stricter background checks and heavier security for baggage checks were the first placement measures. (Taylor; Steedman, 2003). The following research covers the new airline laws, the TSA and how it effects the Bill of Rights and the 4th Amendment. The New Security Measures: The new security laws were put into place on November 1, 2001. They needed to be in place before the heightened traveling season of Thanksgiving and Christmas of 2001. On November 19, 2001 Congress passed the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA). The Homeland Security Act was passed on November 25, 2002 and the TSA was moved to the Department of Homeland Security, which had formerly been directly under the Department of Transportation. (Taylor; Steedman, 20 03). Security officers are very important in an airport that caters to millions of people traveling from different parts of the world. They are employed to assure the safety of assets; ââ¬Å"they are on the front line.â⬠(Taylor; Steedman, 2003). A security officer takes his position more personal and is able to detect little things that others would not normally see by observation. These officers are well versed on baggage checks, vehicle checks, screening passengers and personnel and operating detection equipment. Shortly after the TSA was formed, 65,000 new federal employees were hired. (Taylor; Steedman, 2003). They were offered higher wages and better benefits, and increased training from 12 hours to 100 hours on all baggage and passenger screeners. (Blalock; Kadiyali; Simon, 2007). The immediate short term upgrades to security included criminal background checks on 750,000 airport employees, screening of all checked baggage with whatever equipment was available. This inc luded x-ray machines, personal hands on inspections, presence of more air marshals on board, and prescreening of suspicious passengers with the FBI. By 2003 5,000 more air marshals were placed on domestic and international flights. Long-term upgrades included 28,000 airport baggage screeners being equipped with explosive
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